Why hasn’t Fujitsu sacked Andy Dunks?

The man in the photograph, Andy Dunks, gave evidence at the Post Office Horizon IT inquiry this week. He works for Fujitsu. In the days when the Post Office wanted to prosecute Horizon users for crimes of dishonesty, it would go to Andy at Fujitsu for ARQ (Horizon’s audit record query) data or a log of helpdesk calls.

Andy was the cryptographic key manager for the Horizon system, working in Fujitsu’s Customer Service Post Office Account Security Team. Starting in 2002, Andy would extract data for Postmaster prosecutions, “analyse” or “summarise” it and attach it to a signed witness statement saying there were no problems with Horizon.

His statement (and this is taken from a standard Fujitsu witness statement) would say something like:

There is no reason to believe that the information in this statement is inaccurate because of the improper use of the computer. To the best of my knowledge and belief at all material times the computer was operating properly, or if not, any respect in which it was not operating properly, or was out of operation was not such as to effect the information held on it. I hold a responsible position in relation to the working of the computer.

This was usually enough to satisfy both the Post Office’s criminal prosecutors and the individual Subpostmasters’ defence teams, none of whom, you can bet, had the training or knowledge to challenge it.

Liar, Liar

When Andy Dunks gave evidence on behalf of the Post Office during the Bates v Post Office High Court litigation in 2019, he told the court Fujitsu had no “party line” when giving evidence on behalf of the Post Office. This was not true. In his judgment to the Horizon Issues trial, Mr Justice Fraser wrote:

There plainly is [a party line] it was used in the Fujitsu statements in 2010 and it was used by [Andy Dunks] in his statement for the Horizon Issues trial.

par 294, Judgment (No.6) “Horizon Issues”, Bates and others v Post Office

Mr Justice Fraser ruled that Dunks had “expressly sought to mislead” him.

Six months later, in a letter to the BEIS [Business Department] Select Committee, Rob Putland, Fujitsu UK’s Senior Vice President told the chair of the committee, Darren Jones MP:

If it emerges that any current employee intentionally misled the court or otherwise failed to meet the standards expected from Fujitsu, then they will be dismissed.

In doing so, Rob Putland misled Parliament, because three years later, look who trotted along to the Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry on Wednesday: Andy Dunks – still very much employed by Fujitsu.

This time Dunks was very keen to tell the Inquiry (read the full transcript here) there was a standard template when it came to providing witness statements to the Post Office about the integrity of Horizon data.

This caused a potential problem, spotted by Jason Beer KC, lead counsel to the Inquiry. If the standard template dealing with calls to the helpdesk said:

None of these calls to the helpdesk relate to faults that would have had an effect on the integrity of the information held on the system…

– which it did – how did Dunks know what the standard template said was true?

The answer turned on Dunks’ concept of the words “analyse” and “summarise”. In his witness statement, Dunks said he summarised the call logs. In his oral evidence, he said he would analyse them. When Jason Beer asked which it was, Dunks said:

Well, that — to summarise — my understanding is to summarise the calls and — but part of the witness statement is the wording of the witness statement. The summarisation is of the calls, not the wording of the witness statement.

Which is just word soup. Over a torturous half hour of cross-examination, Beer tried to drill down into what it was which qualified Dunks to give witness statements. It turns out Dunks didn’t know the difference between Horizon’s ARQ data, Credence data, raw data and enhanced ARQ data. He also (despite turning up to court to give evidence in the prosecutions of Subpostmasters) didn’t know the difference between civil and criminal courts. It also transpired that even though he had been cc’d in documents detailing accounting errors in Horizon caused by software bugs, Dunks believed that this could not happen, explaining the apparent contradiction by telling the Inquiry he didn’t read every document he was sent.

You know this is serious, right?

Dunks’ lack of curiosity and knowledge about potential and real errors with the Horizon system is, and I say this with perhaps some understatement, troubling. Dunks became aware of the campaign by the Justice for Subpostmasters Alliance whilst Postmasters were being prosecuted, but told Jason Beer he did not seek any internal clarification about it. It led to the following exchange:

JB: You just carried on providing the witness statements?
AD: In my – our area of the team, no, I don’t think we did discuss [the Postmasters’ campaign] at all.
JB: Looking back, do you think it ought to have been the topic of some discussion?
AD: At a higher level, possibly. Whether that went on, I don’t know. It wasn’t for us to discuss or make judgement.
JB: You were the one that was going along to court or providing witness statements?
AD: Yeah.
JB: It was your name at the bottom of the piece of paper that was signed?
AD: Mm-hm.
JB: Saying, “This is true”?
AD: Mm-hm.
JB: “I know I can be prosecuted”, I think it would have said, “if I have stated in it anything which I know to be false.”
AD: Yes.
JB: Did you not think that was quite a serious undertaking you were engaged in?
AD: Yes, I did.
JB: You heard, through the media and the like, that the Subpostmasters were saying, “There were faults in the system, the Horizon System, that are causing discrepancies for which I am not responsible.” You were providing witness statements at the same time, saying, “There is nothing that I’ve seen in the documents I’ve examined that could explain
a system-generated discrepancy”?
AD: Well, as you just stated, I would have probably taken it as it’s their opinion that there’s something wrong. I’m not – wasn’t aware there was something wrong, so I still believed my statement, on the witness statements I gave, were true at the time.

Rickrolling along

Richard Roll

Dunks’ lack of knowledge about the Horizon IT system and its propensity for causing errors was highlighted the day after he gave evidence to the Inquiry. Testimony on Thursday 9 March was provided by Richard Roll, a third line Service Support Centre (SSC) engineer at Fujitsu from 2001 to 2004. Richard has told Panorama (twice) and the High Court about the constant battles required to keep Horizon from falling over when he worked there.

On Thursday Roll described the Horizon coding he inherited as a “mess” and detailed the ease with which he and his colleagues were able to go into Postmasters accounts and change the software in them in order to fix bugs.

Roll was asked by Jason Beer if he had heard of Andy Dunks, cryptographic key manager of the Horizon IT system within Fujitsu’s Customer Service Post Office Account Security Team.

Roll said: “No.”

Beer asked him if he knew what Dunks did:
JB: Can you recall a job title or role being undertaken of the cryptographic key manager?
RR: There was a key, which was a crypto key, if you like, which was generated by a secure PC in a locked room within the SSC, bearing in mind that the SSC itself was on the sixth floor of a very secure building behind double doors that were extremely secure. It was a very, very secure area. But that’s about all I can remember.
JB: Mr Dunks was the manager of the cryptographic key. We’ve heard from him recently. I think it follows from what you’ve said that you didn’t have any or you don’t recall any liaison with him or the security team?
RR: No.
JB: We know that he, the cryptographic key manager, was selected to give evidence by provision of witness statements and giving oral evidence in court, about what you and your team in the SSC had done in response to calls to the SSC and the work that your team had undertaken as recorded on call logs. Do you understand?
RR: Right.
JB: Do you know why one of that team, the customer service team, and, in particular, the person that managed the cryptographic key, was selected to give evidence about what you and your team were doing in the SSC?
RR: No.
JB: Did you ever hear any discussion or were you ever party to any discussion about why Mr Dunks, the crypto
key manager, was giving evidence about what was or wasn’t shown on helpdesk call logs that were completed
by you and members of your team, rather than a member of you and your team giving evidence?
RR: No.

What conclusions can we draw from all this, then?

On the face of it, Fujitsu Andy appears to have been in the business of giving incorrect or misleading witness statements to the Post Office in order to better assist it in the false prosecution of innocent Subpostmasters.

In each case Mr Dunks clearly believed he had done the minimum required to satisfy his limited worldview that what he was doing had validity, and what he was saying was true. Otherwise he was potentially committing a criminal offence.

This raises questions as to Fujitsu’s organisational integrity.

What did Fujitsu do to make Mr Dunks aware of the seriousness of his evidence and the need to ensure it was completed to exacting standards?

Who at Fujitsu knew it was allowing Mr Dunks to feed witness statements about information he didn’t understand into a judicial process he had no real knowledge of, with catastrophic consequences for the individuals at the wrong end of it?

What did Fujitsu say to Andy Dunks before he expressly attempted to mislead a High Court judge?

Why is it that when Rob Putland told the BEIS Select Committee Fujitsu would dismiss anyone found to have knowingly misled a court, they didn’t sack Andy Dunks?

Dunks has already been told he is likely to be recalled to the Inquiry. I also hope we hear from Mr Putland before the year is out, too.


My work on the Post Office Horizon IT inquiry is crowdfunded. If you’d like to contribute, please click on the widget you should be seeing to the right of this text (or below if you’re reading it on a mobile). To find out more before donating, please go to my tip jar web page. All contributors will be added to the ‘secret’ email newsletter, which offers irregular, and at times, irreverent insight into the machinations of the inquiry and the wider scandal.

24 responses to “Why hasn’t Fujitsu sacked Andy Dunks?”

  1. […] his previous appearance before the Inquiry, Dunks was given a reminder of his privilege against self-incrimination by the Inquiry chair, Sir […]

  2. Dunks II (16th July 2024) was another car crash for the man. It was not helped by the fact that he is obviously not that bright, an ‘analyst’ who didn’t have the curiosity, integrity, knowledge or intellectual tools to actually analyse anything. It appears that he regarded producing witness statements for court as an ‘admin’ task, to be turned round ‘asap’, with whatever wording was needed at the request of the Post Office. Everything was ‘routine’. He clearly couldn’t give a toss for the sub-post masters desperate for help but getting the round around on the Helpline. His mumbling, vague and incoherent non answers to Jason Beer were an embarrassment. Definitely one of those who needs to face charges.

  3. […] issues.” Jenkins points out that the main work on this has been done by his Fujitsu colleague Andy Dunks and then quotes Dunks’ statement which states that all of Misra’s calls to the Horizon […]

  4. Andrew Currie avatar

    I can see a lot of similarities in the culture at POL & Fujitsu, with the relationship between the DWP, their private sector contractors, and the bullying of claimants. The Jobcentre approach was to ignore problems or complaints reported by claimants and wear them them down with petty admin. The DWP and the contractors would back each other up (to their mutual financial benefit) until any criticism became too serious when they would then blame each other! I had 20 years of it.

  5. As a retired ex-subpostmaster Mr Dunks is simply canon fodder pushed over the trenches by Fujitsu. It just exacerbates the problems where companies accept unqualified staff for positions requiring professional training. Or is it? Do these companies want their staff to raise ethical objections or simply do as they are told for financial reasons?

    We all know that the real problem is farther up the management tree.

    The case against Fujitsu has been proven and publicly admitted by Paul Patterson, Chief Exec of Fujitsu Europe. No doubt he was told by Tokyo to ‘fall on his sword’, apologise and offer contributions of compensation, to keep criticism within the UK if they can.

    Meanwhile, Paula Vennells, resigns as CEO, of POL, has been dragged from her pulpit, probably by the Arch Bish, offers a non apology apology, then begrudgingly returned her CBE (Royal Mail Recorded Delivery I wonder?). So she will not be entering the Upper Chamber, which is where she was heading. However, she was already aware of the Horizon problems, after joining POL in 2007, so she deserves all she gets.

    The problems within POL management does not remain with Horizon. Its not that there are bugs and glitches within the Horizon Programming as they were aware of this for many years. This could and should have benn eradicated many years ago. It is the fact that both parties lied at the expense of the sub postmasters.

    I wonder if there are others like me who have purchased PO premises, relying upon the word of PO Retail Manmagers only to find that POL open another within a few miles. I lost £100K when selling it on purely because of the lieing attitude which prevails!! Anyone else like me ?Let me know.

  6. Very insightful and strange revelations in this whole saga. My questions though:
    – Where did the money that was being changed in the accounts go? The logs should have shown who changed the accounts entries and or how these were changed. Even though the entries at the SPMs were on the screen were there no reports at the end of a defined period for reconciliation? How do entries disappear into thin air in an accounting system that is supposed to have debit and credit side match off?
    – The SDLC was not being followed. FJ staff were supposed to be allowed into the system only after the changes they were making were subjected to a proper UAT by the SPMs and the PO staff. Was there a test environment to test before doing the changes in the production one?
    – The Change Management process at the PO was perfunctory or non-existent. The FJ staff users were supposed to be let into the system remotely under the supervision of the PO IT staff and for only a defined time to complete the changes after a UAT sign-off and planned change time when there is minimal traffic.
    – Did the PO have a robust IT unit?
    – The whole fiasco could have been salvaged if there was a competent PMO at PO staffed by experienced Project Managers or an outsourced PMO firm.

  7. I watched Dunk’s testimony and he has clearly been coached. Count the number of times he says I don’t know, I can’t remember, I don’t recall. So on and so forth, his colleague Rajbinder displayed the same coaching. She knows nothing! I think that she holds the record for the number of times of saying “I don’t know” whilst giving testimony.

  8. Which ‘experts’ gave assurance to Mandelson upon which he Mandelson gave the thumbs up to Blair to proceed with Horizon?

    Were there any Horizon experts at PO qualified to oversee the Horizon system and who were responsible for the system’s integrity?

    OR had management taken the decision to rely entirely on Fujitsu’s expertise and maintenance of PO system so that left not a single PO employee with oversight let alone responsibility for Horizon.

    Why isn’t the inquiry looking into the failings at Board level rather than wasting time on talking to weak and hapless employees who had been given jobs wholly irresponsibly for which they had no training or expertise and clearly did not understand the difference between right and wrong in law.

    Get the chairmen and Senior directors to explain to the inquiry how this murderous and life destructing scandal was allowed to permeate over so many years. Were they qualified to act as directors of this illustrious UK flagship in any sense of the word ‘qualified’ or a group motivated by personal gain at any cost to human beings.

    1. Corruption at all levels including in the UK government is endemic and most MPs exist only to dodge questions and protect themselves…. Even Sta*rmer evaded any involvement as crown prosecution boss as it wasn’t a government issue but “private” post office prosecutions…. He had obviously no idea it was happening🙄

      1. Robert H Goff avatar

        And now he (Starmer) wants to be Prime Minister!

  9. The dogmatic Red Tape applied to the investigation by the Post Office against defenceless Postmasters is quite Rediculous.
    They acted like MFI or Nazi interrogators against these poor individual people caught in a no defence system.
    Post Office management ..remember
    to include the dithering Liberals.

  10. So this chap Andy Dunks was performing the role of user management although not applying any thought process merely rubber stamping a request from some person’s line manager for access. In that capacity he seems to fudge round whether he knew or didn’t know that third and fourth line support (SSC) had “Unrestricted and unaudited privileged access (system admin) to all systems including post office counter PCs …”.

    The fact that this existed was denied for many years and Dunks was going to court and providing evidence that the system was secure and functioning properly. Secure apart from a huge gaping hole in the security model which was documented in document FUJ00088036.

    Surely he should have known about this before being thrown head first into the criminal and civil justice system.
    Surely the Post Office investigations department should have been aware of this as well as Fujitsu.
    In the interests of justice surely that document should have been in the bundle sent to every defendant’s legal team.

    I was a police officer from 1981 to 1998, my hobby was computing. By 1998 I could bore for England on the subject of UNIX and I became an IT consultant that year. I have worked on my share of database backed systems in telecoms, finance and public service. Systems of varying and broad levels of security. Horizon was obviously dealing with huge amounts of money but also with people’s livelihoods and reputations. There always has to be some kind of access for 3rd or 4th line support but it ALWAYS should be audited and transparent.

    I’m guessing that Fujitsu did not want to disclose to the Post Office and certainly not to the sub postmasters how often they tinkered in Horizon system to correct anomalies but they all access should have been recorded and made transparent. The fact that they were not transparent about this and then based so many prosecutions on the ridiculous (in the circumstances) belief that the system was secure and functioned well makes my blood boil.

    Fujitsu and the Post Office launched prosecutions which should never have been brought. The problems giving rise to anomalies should have been addressed immediately not papered over by tinkering in the database by secretive, highly unprofessional and cavalier means.

    The secretive culture of Fujitsu is the root cause of this. Placing profit and reputation above honesty and integrity.

    Yes Mr Dunks should have been dismissed but he is a small cog with clearly very little knowledge of the system which he was supposed to be an expert witness about. His manager should have trained him better or sent someone to court who did know what they were talking about. My cynical head says that FJ would not send a member of the SSC team to court in case they cracked under cross examination and divulged that they regularly changed transactions without audit or restriction. Sending a ‘non expert’ expert allowed them to keep the lid on the real causes of problematic transactions and the underhand way that FJ dealt with them.

    1. > The secretive culture of Fujitsu is the root cause of this.

      I’m not so sure; the testimony I’ve read or seen from Fujitsu technicians seems mostly to be direct and not evasive. Sure, they can’t remember answers to questions like “Who told you to do that, 15 years ago?” From what I’ve seen so far, Fujitsu were simply complying with their contract.

      The Post Office managers and investigators are another matter. They can’t even remember the name of their own manager. It appears the Post Office were pressing for more prosecutions and convictions, mainly to prove that the Horizon system was working correctly, so as not to have previous convictions overturned.

      And these Post Office managers all seem to have started as postboys on leaving school; 40 years later, it’s understandable that they’re rather loyal to their employer. The Post Office doesn’t seem to hire people with inquiring minds (or degrees).

      I once did work for Post Office Investigations Division (in the 1980s). They were pleasant people, and pretty competent. They freely explained to me that POID was like a cross between MI5 and the CID – most people had no idea it existed, and very few people realized that it was a private police force. My work was unrelated to this inquiry: I was helping them with an access control system.

      I’m looking forward to the inquiry hearings where they start questioning Post Office higher-ups. I would like to know how acceptance testing and commissioning were carried out. How did the Post Office know that they were paying for a Horizon system that worked? Or was that unimportant, because the contract simply required Fujitsu to deal with everything? The contract evidently required Fujitsu to produce witnesses to testify that Horizon was working correctly; why couldn’t the Post Office produce those witnesses themselves?

  11. It’s shameful that after all this time, with the PO still dragging their heels, nobody has been held to account for the lying, misrepresentation and general lack of governance. Why has nobody questioned the PO procedure of self-investigation. I’m at a loss to understand the high handiness and despotic nature of an organisation the populace use every day. We have no option but to use them as they have a monopoly. If we can hold a public inquiry into COVID a mere 3 years after the pandemic why isn’t a public inquiry being held to challenge these despicable people.

  12. Richard Roll comes across as a credible witness. He reminds us it’s possible to say “I can’t remember” without automatically instilling doubt in the listener’s mind that the amnesia is a matter of choice, intended forgetfulness.

    He’s not “trying hard” to ensure he’s believed… (as some did) His description of the problems experienced by the sub postmistress in the mobile PO is fascinating… (Day 46, half way-ish through)

  13. It seems to me that Fujitsu should be held to account for the professional behaviour of their staff.
    The guy was providing evidence on their behalf in criminal trials.

    Next time someone from a company is asked for company validated evidence I want the CEO to feel the frisson of “I could get the jail if this is just pure rubbish”

    Imagine the difference in response.

    Surely some

    1. Surely Fujitsu are the primary culprits in this whole affair?

  14. […] The Thomas, Owen and Whitaker brains trust eventually agree to ask Fujitsu for a statement of Horizon’s reliability within a six month window. The message reaches Fujitsu’s Andy Dunks, a man who, in 2019, came in for serious criticism from a High Court judge. […]

  15. Having finally listened to most of the Phase III witness evidence, I can safely say Andy Dunks takes the prize for Useful Idiot. Clearly a man of limited intellect with little interest or curiosity in his own role (or should that be five roles?) much less how it fitted into Fujitsu’s IT Security Dept as a whole, this is a man who could be led by the nose to say or do anything he was told (so long as he had a template from someone else he could crib). Even now, he seems to lack the ability to understand how his ignorance of the law and his dereliction of duty as both a witness of fact and a witness of opinion in the PO prosecutions contributed to the conviction of innocent SPMs. How does this fool still have a job at Fujitsu? How does he have a job anywhere? I wouldn’t employ him to make me a sandwich.

    1. Hi,
      I personally think that “upper levels of management” in large organisations reflect this type of person.I worked for a large number of years for a multinational outsourcing firm and came across individuals like this one regular basis. One example that sticks into mind even after 20 years approx. is the senior manager that visited our location, flew up in a private plane to Scotland from around London then to his final destination by a scheduled flight after spending a night in Scotland. On arrival, on site, he appeared after checking in to his hotel and pestered our local site support to get a new screensaver in his personal laptop! He appeared rarely to see what work was being carried out on the business’s behalf, spent the majority of his time in the hotel and sightseeing, before returning the way he came. This person then took credit for the work we locally had carried out and obviously received his annual bonus.

  16. POSTOFFICE told every one they prosecuted “it’s not happening in any other branch” All the interviews were recorded under xaution, be interesting to get hold of the tapes. Also, a lot of money was paid into PO to avoid prosecution, the errors in the system mean it was never owed, where is that money? Unfortunately POSTMASTERS are not paid salaries, governed by civil servants who are not known for being held to account.

  17. Jeremy Callaghan avatar
    Jeremy Callaghan

    Well prepared and written report Nick. I am sure there are thousands of people like me who read your material carefully and with interest in the hope that there will be some kind of acceptable resolution to this scandal and that accountability for their insouciant disregard of proper and ethical behaviour will be meted out to those managers who ruined so many lives.

    You ask a number of rhetorical questions along the lines of why were none of these matters taken seriously by the PO and Fujitsu. Getting to real answers to this is important. I imagine that a deep seated culture of arrogance in the PO encouraged its top brass to feel that they were invulnerable and that all these pettifogging legal niceties did not apply to them. I would guess also that their comfortable way of earning a crust disinclined them from putting too much effort into rocking any boats especially as they would never be challenged (or so they thought). So there would be no real training for their staff in the importance of compliance with the spirit and letter of the law. For them accountability was just a word in management textbooks that emanated from the Harvard Business School.

    For Fujitsu a more compelling reason would be the imperative to chase the dollar in pursuit of its corporate ends. It’s probably not a good analogy but it reminds me say of Bhopal; or destroying native villages in Irian Jaya for mining operations; or more mundanely replanting dead trees at the end of a highway contract because that’s what the text of the contract says. It is the awful social blindness of unmonitored capitalism.

    I experienced some of this during my own career as a university registrar (which is why the PO story has such a fascination for me; would I have passed the tests that I am outraged the Post Office failed?). I remember presenting an environmental policy I had been asked to draft at an Irish campus and which I had filled with measures designed to ensure accountability, as I had come to value such in my work in a NZ university). Oh no take those out said the campus boss and his deputy or you’ll have everyone getting on to us when we don’t do these things! From what I see around me real accountability and consequence, without which nothing will change, is as foreign in our institutions as ever but its place has been filled by a cottage industry of self-protecting tick box mechanisms hiding in the guise of quality management.

    Keep up the good work because it’s valuable and you are doing it brilliantly.

    Regards Jeremy

  18. John Osullivan avatar

    Because Simon Ricaldin didn’t need him to join Brian Trotter on the elite team calculating how much compensation to offer the very people they did over-illegally!

  19. Christine Arthur avatar
    Christine Arthur

    Isn’t it time Darren Jones called Mr Putland back to give further evidence to the Select Committee under oath ?

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